Geoecology-Human Impact on Biomes

Humans have impacted on natural activities in the Sahel region and the desert biome region by over-cropping, overgrazing and deforestation. The Sahel is a narrow strip of land between the Sahara to the north and the Savanna and equatorial rain-forest to the South. It is a dry (Semi-Arid) region receiving rain in the wet Season from June to September. The Sahara desert is growing South by up to 5-10 Kilometers each year. Which is mainly due to human activity. Overgrazing: the people of the region were traditionally Nomadic. They moved following the rain and pasture- land. Wealth was defined by animal ownership by the tribes of the Sahel. As the number of cattle and goats increased so did the competition for grazing land. They allowed the animals to graze the land more than it could sustain. Young trees were also grazed. Herders also moved animals onto marginal grazing land until there was little or no vegetation remaining. Wells were sunk to provide water for all the animals. This made herders remain longer in the one area applying more pressure on the land. The wells used up all the ground water causing the water tables to fall. Eventually the wells dried up along with the land around it. As the human population increased farming methods changed, Nomadic herding was replaced with a more settled style of herding. Farmers began to fence in land and work it more intensely. Leading to soils being overused an d exhausted. Soils began to lose structure an minerals. Vegetation was lost due to the large numbers of animals grazing and trampling the land. It was also unable to grow back because the soil was now drained of all its nutrients. This in turn has a knock on effect, when the vegetative cover is lost it leaves the soil exposed to erosion by wind and heat. It leaves an easy job for heavy rain to wash away the topsoil. Over-cropping: The population of the region grew rapidly and this led to an increased demand in food. Grazing became replaced by growing food crops. The increased demand for food meant that the ‘Fallow Year' was abandoned. Farmers were also put under pressure by the Government to grow ‘Cash Crops' to help repay their International debt. this continuous usage of the grassland robbed the land of its nutrients and minerals. Soon this land became sterile and worthless. Farmers now needed more land in order to achieve the same return. ue to the shortage of wood people burned dried manure for heat and cooking, instead of using it on the land as a fertiliser. As the vegetation cover was reduced the amount of humus available was also reduced. Crops began to fail and again soil has lost its cover and was now vunerable to wind erosion. Deforestation: Wood accounts for around 90% of the energy requirements in the Sahel. Deforestation is ‘the loss of forests due to th over-cuttingvof trees'. Trees slow down the wind and their roots help to bind soil, they also absorb moisture during heavy rainfall. The removal of trees leaves soil exposed to erosion. The land which had been shaded by trees becomes dried out and burned by the sun, resulting in desertification. There are methods to solve the problems of over-cropping and overgrazing . Crop rotation is one way in which the soil is not exhausted, and so stop desertification. Farmers can also place lines of small stones acroos the land to act as dams. Here the water has no where to go but to be absorbed by the soil.. This reduces run-off and increases soil fertility. Contour ploughing is when the land is ploughed across rather than vertically. This to in the same way as the stones act as a dam and prevents run off and stops the topsoil being washed away in heavy downpours. Farming methods such as strip farming, where crops are planted widely spaced then a different plant is planted in the gap. This ensures the land is not being depleted of nutrients and the fact the crops are harvested at different times means both plants will be using different minerals. Shelters belts (trees) are also planted to prevent soil from wind erosion. Also shelter belts are normally friut producing trees which also provides a source of food.

How Prisons Can Save Money

How Prisons Can Save Money On July 10th, 2003, a fire was started just east of Farmington Utah. The fire consumed over 2000 acres of land, threatened dozens of homes, and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to fight. The following day a thirty three year old man named Josef Heinz Bruhl confessed to starting the blaze, when asked for his motives he said it was to because he wanted to be sent to prison. Now I’m not trying to suggest that anybody with normal mental capacity would ever do something like this, obviously this guy has problems. But the fact that anybody would ever want to go to jail to better there situation says volumes on what is wrong with our prison system. Part of the problem is that each year the government spends about 25,000 dollars per inmate per year (in 2007), someone with a life sentence costs about 1. 5 million dollars, and it ends up costing over 30 billion dollars each year most of which falls onto us, the tax payers. This is because people that are put into prison aren’t doing enough and they can basically just sit around all day if they want to. They get a bed to sleep in, three square meals a day, television (usually with cable), a recreation room, and many other things that they can waste their time doing as they wait out their sentence. I’m not trying to say that prison is all peaches and cream, but we could do a lot to make prison a much less inviting place. By doing so we could save the government millions, if not billions of dollars. Prison needs to be a deterrent not just a consequence for breaking the law. It should be the last place anybody would ever want to go. And rather than just â€Å"doing your time† you should literally be â€Å"paying your debt to society†. First off the prisons need to start making cuts. Prison needs to become less of a waiting area where people pass the time watching T. V. waiting for their return to the real world. We could start be cutting the cable cord, prisoners shouldn’t be allowed to enjoy a luxury that many in the country don’t have. A few states have decided that cable is fine as long as the prisoner or their family pay for it. States could generate a lot of profit by charging more for these services than what the cable company is already charging. Also prisons are employing people that they don’t really need. Right now the state of Washington is offering three jobs for a Recreation and Athletics Specialist. This position pays around 3,500 dollars every month. If we could eliminate just two jobs like these from every prison the federal system alone would save over ten million dollars annually. The last thing these people need is some P. E. eacher setting up some basketball game between two rival gangs, I’m sure they’ll manage on there own. The Department of Corrections needs to continue using the prisons to save money in other branches of the government. Right now prisoners do a number of things to keep the inmates productive and occupied while providing them a small source of income. They do things such as make license plates, T. V. stands, chairs, and dressers. They cannot sell these items because it would compete with local business, but they give it to government buildings and the military. Prisoners also do a lot of community service especially with tasks like road clean-up that saves the community thousands of dollars. Another thing they could do is create gardens right next to the prison where inmates could grow their own food. Think of how much money a prison could save if they only had to buy half the fruits and vegetables that they are buying now. I’ve actually heard of one prison having a prison gift shop where people could buy things made at the prison. Another problem is that it’s hard to force inmates to work. We need to find a way to motivate these people to work for there one to two dollar an hour salary. I read that one prison is going to start charging for basic items such as toilet paper and toothpaste. Unfortunately members of the inmate’s family usually pay for these items, but if we were to not allow outside support we could almost guarantee that almost everyone would work. Just think of the dilemma that prisoners would have to face, they would have to decide if they don’t go to work they won’t get toilet paper, toothpaste, or deodorant. If it were me I would work, and it would probably deter people from crime by turning prison into more of a work camp than a waiting area. I’m sure there are plenty of other things we could do to start generating a profit in the prison system, we just need to start thinking of new more profitable ways we could use this work force. I had an accounting professor who once said that if you can’t generate a profit with free labor, you have a serious problem. We have a huge amount of people who work for next to nothing, let’s use this to our advantage. Now with all this money that the government could potentially save, besides going to lower the national deficit, they need to a lot of this money back into the public educational system. Right now the government spends about 1,600 dollars per student in the U. S. Only 47 percent of inmates have high school diplomas (in 2003). If we were to put more money into the schools we could better the situations of many people who would drop out and get out into the streets where they get involved in crime. So by better educating the people we have less crime because they can go out into the world and get better jobs and contribute to society. By doing this less people would go to jail and we would end up spending less money. Our prison system is out of control. We actually are letting people go so that we can fit others inside. Prison has to be the ultimate deterrent from crime, if it’s not then our prison system is literally failing. We need to decrease the amount of people coming back into jail, and we need to focus on keeping people off the streets in the first place. If people go to jail they need to learn there lesson and never want to come back again. I have a good friend who when she was little she had a serious biting problem. It became so bad that her dad went out to IFA one day and bought a cattle prod. After trying it on himself, to make sure it didn’t hurt to bad, he told his daughter that if she bit again she would get a taste of the cattle prod. Needless to say, she did it again and was cattle prodded, after one time she learned her lesson and she never bit again. Prison should be like that, after one stay in prison there should be no reason why you would want to go back to a life of crime, because prison should be the worst possible place in the world. If we could do these things we could keep people out of jail and we could you use the money to keep people out of jail rather than using it to keep people in. I know that this isn’t just about the money; we need to focus on the people, and making this country better for them and us. But I believe that if we do these things to save our money we can achieve the goal of helping our communities and society by keeping people out of prison.

American literature Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American literature - Assignment Example Geography, movement, borders and regionalism have influenced American literature over the years. Interaction influenced the mode of writing as they got more ideas from other people who had moved into the country. America is a multicultural community, and there were different forms of literature, these included, African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, and women literature. The last years have seen a number of different voices into the American literature. They have helped bring the change in American literature. In the past, no one embraced African American literature, but the last years have seen the literature being embraced in the society and especially schools. All the literature including women literature is recognized showing how much American literature has developed. The gay and lesbian literature has also grown and Americans now recognizes that the genre has developed expansively. For example, Ellen Wittlinger’s, Hard Love that also won the best book award in 2000.The American literature expanded to include romantic writing, poetry and short stories. This came about after the introduction of the civil rights, and since then it has made the American literature to be limitless. â€Å"A street car named Desire† A streetcar named desire is a story of a woman Blanche Dubois who relocated to her sister’s house, and intended to live with her for quite a long time after losing the family house. Blanche seems to be lying about everything and tends to ‘avoid the light’. It is seen that Blanche is five years older than her sister is but she never wants to be under direct sunlight (Bradford). Blanche avoids light when it comes to her suitor Mitch and is not true to him. She does not want to tell him about her past, age and her fading beauty. Maybe she is avoiding reality because of what she had done in the past. Light symbolizes her activities in the past. Her life is governed by lies and living in an imaginary l ife. When Mitch knows her story, she forces her to admit that she had committed terrible things in her past. She tends to believe more in magic than the reality. She confesses to avoid the light because of the loss of her husband. She says that when her husband was alive, she experienced light in her life but after he died the bright light had been lacking in her life. Dim light is expressed when she has sexual relationships with other people. She avoids harsh light so that she does not have to see her fading beauty. She believes that by asserting her beauty upon younger men, she will be able to avoid death, and she will go back to her teenage bliss (Bradford). Prologue to Invisible man The invisible man is the story of a black man who tries to struggle in a divided society that does not see him as a human being (Ellison). The prologue to the invisible man involves a black man who claims to be invisible only because some people choose not to see him. Being invisible has been of grea t help, and at the same time has caused him frustration. He is not quite sure that he exists because of his invisibility and has him thinking why people do not seem to notice him. He would actually do anything to have other people notice him. However, his invisibility has earned him some free electricity without noticed, and he resides in an area where only the whites are allowed. He is, therefore, invisible to both the whites and the Monopolated Light and Power Company. This is to his advantage. The narrator due to his invisibility is called bad names

Theories of Bayes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theories of Bayes - Essay Example es himself had not been sure regarding the application of the theory, the importance and the applications of the Bayes theory in multidisciplinary fields had been recognized. The theory explores the probability of a number in two successive draws. It can then be considered applicable in relatively complex systems of studies (Savchuk & Tsokos, 2011). The theory of Bayes had been used in the selected study of the researcher Seung-Joon Jeon published in 2012 about the communication to the Editor Bull. There are different reasons as to why the use of the Bayes’ theorem had been used and is considered effective in the explanation of the results of the study. According to the author of the research paper, the application of the theory is determined since it can explain inverse probability in conditional probability which is also referred to as subjective probability. Biological systems are composed of few elements that are bound together in infinitely unique ways, for that matter, there is a high subjective probability or personal belief that these elements or molecules can form in expected ways. Specifically, it explores the probability of events based on another probability. The example given in the paper is the rare event of a binder molecule to find the right target site on the basis of two probabilities which are staying on a wrong site until the correct site had been found or continuously looking for the right site, thus the probability on the basis of another probability. The third reason had also been expressed in the paper which is the fact that Bayes’ theory had the most capacity to apply the strategy of determining the wrong site or the improbable event without doubt rather than the right site first accuracy (Jeon, 2012). In conclusion, the application of the theory of Bayes can be considered important in scientific systems that needed determination of an interconnected or overlapping systems of probability e.g. in this case a rare even in the

Analyze 2 poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyze 2 poems - Essay Example Diction is poet’s special way to convey the internal fire, the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings that take the form of art and aesthetics to create the magical effects. The poems being analyzed in this essay are â€Å"For Malcolm, a Year After,† by Etheridge Knight and â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,† by Emily Dickinson. "For Malcolm, A Year After,† (Hill, n. p.) is a popular ballad. He wrote this poem as an inmate at the Indiana State Prison. This poem is a â€Å"tribute to Malcolm X.†(Hill, n. p.) He asked the fellow â€Å"prisoners about Malcolm X the year after Malcolm’s assassination,† (Hill, n. p.) what was that date. None was able to give the correct answer. An agitated Knight reverted to his barracks and wrote the poem. His angry mood is reflected through the poem. â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death,† is a lyric poem by Emily Dickinson, published posthumously in 1890. Compiled and edited by her fri ends Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson. The poem was titled, â€Å"The Chariot,† initially. It relates to Death. The poet elucidates Death as a noble individual, who rides the carriage with her body to take it to the grave. In effect, the poet personifies immortality. The main points discussed in the poems are two faces of death. One merging with the eternity, another is the tragic termination of the life-force. Emily Dickinson examines Death from a friendly encounter and from the philosophical perspective of immortality, whereas Etheridge Knight reacts to Death with controlled vehemence for the violent end of an ideologue and challenges the causes leading to that tragedy. The literary element discussed in this paper is diction. Poetic diction is the distinctive language employed by the poets that is not common day slang. Diction involves archaism, rhyme, neologisms and figures of speech. Poetic diction is much different from daily speech and they succeed in de manding the attention of the readers. Words are used intelligently by the poets to convey feelings, action and attitudinal issues. The choice of one word to challenge the other is diction. Dickinson does not turn away from mortality and the she challenges Death as if it is a friendly encounter, --Oh, Death, come on, I sport with you! Thus the choice of diction is critical in the delivery of the message of the poem. â€Å"For Malcolm, A Year After,† is a political support statement for a black leader who commanded the respect of the poet. He intelligently and deliberately â€Å"manipulates metrical tensions and rhyme schemes†,(Hill, n. p.) as he constructs the statement for the slain nationalist leader. He launches the attack with a stinging statement, but holds it well to check the â€Å"self-destructive emotional explosion.†(Hill, n. p.) â€Å"Control the burst of angry words Or they might boil and break the dam† (L, 3-4) â€Å"Rhyme connects the form i n the â€Å"iamb† (L, 2) and the anger in â€Å"dam.† (L, 4) He writes in the language of the white man, but from the bottom of his heart, he rejects it. He detaches himself away from the rhyme in â€Å"mad† (L, 5) â€Å"The second stanza emphasizes that while Knight uses the Euro-American culture's form, he uses it to advance the political cause of Black Nationalism. Inverting the traditional conceit of the poem living eternally despite the death of the man, Knight writes that his poem, an artifact of the oppressive culture, will die, but its message, the message of Malcolm X, will live.†

'New' or 'Compositionally Altered' grocery store products Essay

'New' or 'Compositionally Altered' grocery store products - Essay Example The researcher of this essay aims to pay special attention on some kinds of compositionally altered foods. Consider as an example, low calorie yoghurt. The manufacturer of this product uses a special process to produce this food item. Low calorie yoghurt is essentially low in sugar (achieved by substituting a low calorie sweetener like aspartame or saccharin instead of sugar), and it is almost lactose free. By reducing lactose to less than 1% through ultra-filtration and enzymatic hydrolysis, the manufacturer is able to reduce 60 to 70 calories from the product. The target consumer includes dieters and because of almost nil lactose in the finished product, lactose intolerant people as well. When stored under recommended temperatures and under conventional refrigeration, the product has a shelf life of about 30 days which is about the same as regular yoghurt. Low calorie yoghurts can be manufactured in the traditional style, the Swiss style or even with fruit mixed in. Artificial crea m is another compositionally altered food. It is merely imitation cream and is made entirely from non-dairy fats like vegetable oil and not butter fat although it contains emulsifiers like glycerides and phosphatides, and thickening agents like gum and starch. It contains no butyric acid but sweeteners or sugar could be added to sweeten the whip. This kind of cream has generally been accepted well by the average consumer because it is cheaper than real cream, has no dairy fat and most importantly has a longer shelf life as compared to real cream. Dieters love it. It appeases my conscience to use this versus full fat cream, although I am uncomfortable with the vegetable oil. Also, artificial cream is not a good replacement for real cream in all cases; it can become runny and quite unfit as a topping. A low fat cheese product, another example of altered food, is made by mixing milk with non-fat dry milk solids, a stabilizer like carrageenan and a lactic acid provider. This creates a cheese formulation solution to which a clotting enzyme like rennet is added. The solution is then coagulated to form a curd in a whey solution. The curd is then separated from the whey and ripened to form a low fat cheese product. The product is suitable for dieters and in some cases even for convalescing patients. It has a long shelf life - longer than standard cheese and to me tastes rather nice. Decaffeinated coffee is a favorite of a large segment of the population, especially those that drink multiple cups of coffee a day and believe that caffeine is harmful to their health. People with hypertension who have been advised to avoid caffeine also typically opt for this kind of coffee versus the regular one. Coffee can be decaffeinated in many ways but the steps are the same in all of them. The beans are first soaked in water to dissolve the caffeine. Next, the caffeine is extracted using a solvent or activated carbon like methylene chloride or ethyl acetate both of which have low boiling points.Finally the beans are re-soaked in the decaffeinated water so that they can reabsorb the flavor that was lost in the initial extraction.I am not fond of decaffeinated coffee at all and prefer to sip the regular one. The flavor of decaf coffee tastes poor to me and it is a fact that the decaffeination process alters both the flavor and aroma of the coffee beans. The shelf life of vacuum -packed roasted and ground coffee is

Note taking by condensing Quinn's first nine chapters into notes Assignment

Note taking by condensing Quinn's first nine chapters into notes - Assignment Example He realized this gorilla was able to develop an adaptation to his environment at the zoo and came about the norms of the civilized community from his observations of people who’d visit him at his lair. He must have loved the wild, for certain, except that with incessant utilization of resources from the mountains and the destruction of their home or habitat, life there becomes improbable and risky for a wild beast like him. The changes of course brought questions on identity, as human beings desire that all animals, things, and objects must have names—regardless if this is culturally or zoologically befitting to be named as such because translocation apparently is appended with untangled or mystifying confusion and disorientation on life’s dichotomy. Children for instance would love to enjoy trekking in the forests and learn on the variation of species but this Gorilla perceived of those mountains as vast strange wasteland. The lesson of captivity provided an opp ortunity to anchor such human beings’ restiveness for paradigmatic discernment on their dependency on nature for survival but is, on similar note, engaged in wanton destruction of environment and resource. They are the same people who are very passionate about life but also became authors of armed conflicts; murderers of those who refused to adhere to the power of those who subjugate. These peoples, who claimed to be the most civilized beings on earth, but whose knowledge are used to disadvantage others; made laws to repress civil liberties; and, used their minds to despair other hearts. Will Ishmael be able to pursue his desire to change the world? Or, will this remain a dream? Maybe reviewing peoples’ culture and ideological differences seemed to have buried the common values required to appreciate multi-ethnicity and variegation of faiths. Those who dubbed themselves as the

I had experience scary,haunted hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

I had experience scary,haunted hotel - Essay Example The front desk was deserted, so I rang the bell and waited for someone to come and attend to me. I ended up waiting what seemed like a couple of hours even though in reality it was no more than two or three minutes. There was an eerie feel to the place. Part of me wanted to leave right then and there because I could sense that something was not quite right, but I needed a hotel room and there were very few rooms available in this town during the busy holiday season. Eventually a man dressed in a suit came down the stairs and introduced himself to me as the manager of the place. Before I could even enquire about a room, he immediately told me that I could stay in the VIP room for a discounted rate. This seemed too good to be true, but I took him up on the offer right away. The manager asked me if I could follow him upstairs so he could show me to my room and I promptly did. While going up the stairs, I noticed dark paintings on the walls of ghosts and skulls. An old man, probably one of the guests, came out of a room with a look of horror on his face. I stopped to see more of his facial expressions, but I was swept off my feet by a sudden gust of wind from down the corridor. The manager turned around with a smug look on his face and showed me into my room. One drawback to this room was that the lights did not turn on. As a result, the room was a little darker than usual, but I was not complaining since I was getting a discount. At that moment, the manager left the room and told me that he would be downstairs if I needed anything. I closed the door and lay down on the bed for a few minutes so I could gather my breath. Before long I had fallen into a deep sleep. A few hours later I woke with a hungry feeling in my stomach, so I got changed and headed out for a bite to eat. By this stage in was close to midnight, so I was not expecting for anyone else in the hotel

ISIT in the Strategy process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ISIT in the Strategy process - Essay Example The emphasis is not on predicting the technological advancements with absolute certainty; yet strategic planning is based on analysing the trends in technology and developing strategies to draw maximum benefits through optimal utilisation of the latest technology for the company. There are important distinctions between strategic planning andforetelling. A strategy is developed based on past performances, current situation and businenss scenario, trends and future implications and organisation's vision and objectives. It is not just a prediction into future but a comprehensive process of developing the strategic direction for the company and allocation of resources to meet business objectives. Ofcourse, this includes detailed analysis of technological trends and an estimate of technology change with a view to provide optimal technological solutions for business information needs. However, an organisation whch is unable to analyse the changing trend and fast growth in technology; fails to achieve the desired strategic objectives because of technology obsoleteness; needs for faster, reliable and secure systems and information transfer; and lack of resources to implement and operate latest information technology products and services. These information strategies need not be developed with a d

Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles Essay Example for Free

Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles Essay Hello my name is Chassidy Mitchem I would absolutely love to be a part of your cosmetology program. I love to do hair and, make up. Doing hair is something I enjoy doing in my free time. It’s a way to get away from people and let my mind explore into better things. I enjoy looking and trying new hair styles and colors. I have done makeup and hair for Homecoming court and Grand March. It would be an absolute dream to get into this school and have some hands on time with the things I love doing while learning more about Cosmetology. Cosmetology is very important to the world because someone will always want their hair done or make up done. Most people only want to go to a professional so they know they will be getting the best of their money. You could also be able to set up your own business around your area. I differ from a lot of my peers because no one really understands the importance of Cosmetology the way I do. Everyone thinks it useless. Cosmetology is just as important as other jobs because someone will always need you. There will always be someone needing their eye brows done or maybe there nails especially during homecoming and prom or even a wedding. I’ve talked to a couple people and got some really interesting opinions. Some people has told me I wouldn’t make it and some people has told me I would, but my motto is â€Å"Never give up, because you never know how close you are to fulfilling your dream.† I plan on getting this degree and opening my own salon and I feel that it will give me knowledge I need to know for success. I learned to do this at a young age and I feel very strong about this career. I believe this will be the field I dedicate myself to. I hope to be attending this college at whatever time the school year would begin

Performance Appraisal: Textile Sector

Performance Appraisal: Textile Sector The present study was under taken with such a task in mind and it aims at unearthing the strengths and weakness of the current performance appraisal system in textile industry Coimbatore that is prevalent in the organization that sponsored this research work. Since organizations exist to achieve goals. The degree of success that individual employees have in reaching their individuals goals is important in determining organizational effectiveness. The assessment of how successful employees have been at meeting their individual goals, therefore, becomes a critical part of Human Resource Management. This leads us to the topic of Performance Appraisal. This project aims at knowing Performance Appraisal System in this research has studied the work atmosphere and the welfare measures provided by the organization. It also aims at finding out the employees relationship with the management. This survey is done within the organization. The sample size is 110. The data was collected by administering questionnaire and by adopting direct personal contact method. The persons met are all employees of the industry. Collections of data were analyzed and tabulated in a sequential manner and the interpretations are given along with the tabulation. The conclusion observations are also given in this report for the improvement of this system in the organization. Key Words: Appraiser, Self reliant, Appraisal, Judgmental, Distributive, Interactional INTRODUCTION The performance appraisal plays a vital role in identifying the productivity of workers; it also helps the company for its overall growth. It is the systematic evaluation of the performance of employees and to understand the abilities of a person for further growth and development. Performance appraisal is generally done in systematic ways which are as follows, the supervisors measure the pay of employees and compare it with targets and plans, the supervisor analyses the factor behind work performance of employees, and the employees are in the position to guide the employees for a better performance. In India, Textile Industry is one of the oldest and foremost industries and it provides tremendous opportunities for employment and huge amount as revenue. The Indian Government is also playing a major role in promoting the textile industries. Cotton is the most popular fiber and used to make clothing. Textile Industry is providing one of the most basic needs of people and it hold import ance. Maintain sustained growth for improving quality of life. It has a unique position as a self-reliant industry, from the production of raw materials to the delivery of finished products, with substantial value-addition at each stage of processing; it is a major contribution to the countrys economy. TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN COIMBATORE: Coimbatore is called the South Indian Manchester. The climate in Coimbatore city is very favorable for the development of textile industries. The easy availability of raw materials, sufficient skilled laborers, humid and soft wind prevailing in Coimbatore district are the other major factors for the development of the textile industry in Coimbatore. There are 98 textile firms in Coimbatore district in which few of the industry are taken into account for the study on the same. India has abundant natural resources in terms of availability of natural fibers like cotton, silk, wool etc. India is the third largest producer of cotton in the world and accounts for about 12% of the total world production. The availability of cheap cotton has been one of the biggest advantages to Indian exporters. OBJECTIVES To study about the employees opinion about performance appraisal. To gain practical knowledge about the various factors that forms part of performance appraisal To study about how they view the present appraisal method To provide opportunities for the employees to express their ideas REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M., Porter, L.M. 1979 an employees perception of justice in the performance appraisal process will also affect the effectiveness of the performance appraisal process. Justice is thought to have three categories, procedural, distributive, and interactional justice. In a performance appraisal setting, a lack of justice in one area is predicted to have the same effect as a violation of justice in all areas. If an employee perceives that the system processes are fair, the supervisors efforts to distribute rewards and punishments based on outcomes of the process, and that the employee is treated fairly, the employees perception of justice will be high. Craig Eric Schneier and Richard W. Beatty, July 1979 Despite its standard practice in most public and private organizations for more than 50 years, performance appraisal still has many problems. Raters show resistance to criticizing subordinates, and the judgmental aspect of evaluating human performance is subject to both covert (subjective and individual) and overt (prejudice and bias) errors. Raters often arent trained in employee counseling and may be forced to conduct performance appraisals with inadequate or erroneous information about rate performance. American Institutes for Research, Washington, D.C.: AIR, 1979 In a 1984 study in New England, 16 raters (Extension administrators designated by their state Extension director as having agent performance appraisal responsibility) completed EABRARS on 141 rural New England Extension agents.5 Reliability analysis of the total ratings indicated that EABRARS was an internally consistent, highly reliable instrument. Differences between New England agents were detected at the .05 confidence level with respect to age, subject-matter area, years of experience, and state of employment. Nemeroff Wexley, 1979 study shows that employees are likely to feel more satisfied with their appraisal result if they have the chance to talk freely and discuss their performance. It is also more likely that such employees will be better able to meet future performance goals. Employees are also more likely to feel that the appraisal process is fair if they are given a chance to talk about their performance. This especially, when they are permitted to challenge and appeal against their evaluation. Proper feedback has to be given about their performance to the appraises. Robert M. Guion, the State of the Art, November 5-6, 1982, pp. 3-4Twenty years ago, nearly all civil servants in the central government of OECD member countries were paid according to service-incremental salary scales. This is not to say that civil servants previously lacked performance incentives. Promotions, and especially those into senior management, were rigorously controlled, serving partly as an incentive but partly also as a way of ensuring the independence of the public service with regard to the executive and thus its ability to serve governments of different political persuasions. Remuneration has been seen as an alternative or a complementary incentive to promotion. Socio-economic pressures have led to the need for types of incentives other than promotion to strengthen performance management. Craig Eric Schneier and Richard W. Beatty, May 1988 To try to rectify some of the problems, Smith and Kendall developed Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales, better known as BARS. The BARS format deals with measurable behaviors, not personality, provides raters and rates with clear statements of performance goals, and is based on a specific, thorough job analysis. Using BARS, raters focus on specific rate behaviors. These behaviors are compared to specific examples (job dimensions and anchors developed from the job analysis) that provide concrete benchmarks for making appraisal judgments. BARS are mainly used to measure the behaviors of rates. Dulewicz (1989), a basic human tendency to make judgments about those one is working with, as well as about oneself. Appraisal, it seems, is both inevitable and universal. In the absence of a carefully structured system of appraisal, people will tend to judge the work performance of others, including subordinates, naturally, informally and arbitrarily. This study, by Heneman, Greenberger Anonyou (1989) reported that in groupers are subordinates who seem to be favored by their supervisors. In their relationship with the boss, they enjoy a high degree of trust, interaction, support and rewards. Tsui, A.S. OReilly, C.A. 1989 most studies focus on the performance appraisal where the supervisor evaluates his or her employees. In this paper, based upon two research projects, we look at both sides of the coin. In one study subordinates evaluated their supervisors, in the other one the focus was upon supervisors perception of their subordinates. The contribution aims to determine whether age-related stereotyping plays a significant role in performance appraisals. In both studies, it was determined whether the assesses age is negatively related with the assessors view on his or her competencies. Age is taken into consideration for appraisal rating in the above study. Longenecker (1989) argues that accuracy in performance appraisal is impossible to achieve, since people play social and political games, and they protect their own interests. No savvy manager, says Longenecker, is going to use the appraisal process to shoot himself or herself in the foot.Accuracy in performance appraisal is a major drawback to the system. Recent research (Bannister Balkin, 1990) has reported that appraisees seem to have greater acceptance of the appraisal process, and feel more satisfied with it, when the process is directly linked to rewards. Such findings are a serious challenge to those who feel that appraisal results and reward outcomes must be strictly isolated from each other. Rewards and work performance are directly linked with each other. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY: The study was more of a descriptive in nature and it was the survey research design that was used in, by taking a sample of elements at one point of time. The researcher adopted this type of research design to systematically gather the information from the respondents for the purpose of understanding and predicting some aspects concerned with the performance appraisal system in their organization. The sample unit of the study was 110 employees of Textile Company in Coimbatore Primary data: Primary data has been collected through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data: Secondary data has been collected from the books, journals, project reports and Internet. Data was collected through structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into three parts First section dealt with the queries relating to the personal details of the employees Second section dealt with the queries relating to the awareness about performance appraisal Third section dealt with queries relating to views about the present appraisal system. TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS: The primary data for the study was collected through structured questionnaire and has been analyzed using percentages and represented by pie charts and bar diagrams are used wherever necessary. Mean score value has also been used. 1) Score value = No. of respondents*score Mean score value = score value/No. of respondents 2) Percentage value = no of respondents/total no of respondent*100 CHI-SUARE [X2] TEST: X2 test is based on the Chi- Square distribution and it is a parametric test. It is used for comparing a sample variance to a theoretical population variance. In a non- parametric test, no assumption about the parameters of the population is made. These tests have become very popular because, they can be applied in any type of distribution, they are easy to compute and they can be used in situations when parametric test cannot be applied. Conditions to be satisfied for applying chi-square test Data should have been collected at random. Items constituting the sample should be independent. The total number of items should be at least 50. From the chart above it is understood that most of the employees in textile industry fall under the category of the age group between 46-55 years and also most of the employees are from the under graduate background. TABLE INDICATING THE YEARS OF SERVICE AND THE INCOME OF EMPLOYEES: From the chart above it is clearly understood that the workers with more than 10 years of experience only earning a return of Rs. 8001 and more. The employees with more years of service are expected to perform well as they have very good experience in their work. FACTORS INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL The ranking of factors given by the respondents show that behavior with peers, dependability, behavior and attitude towards superiors, initiative, and attendance were ranked very high. They felt those factors have to be given higher weightages in the appraisal form. There are respondents who have ranked quality of work and cooperation on lower side. There were respondents who felt that all the factors in the appraisal system should be given equal weightage and there was no meaning in awarding high weightages to few factors. OPINION ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL RATING The above table clearly shows that opportunities to increase job satisfaction, need of appraisal for employee, encouragement by raters and knowledge about the appraisal system, are high for employees. Assistance by organization, monetary reward unbiased assessment and satisfaction with the present system were rated average. This may be due to reasons like the employees are not given feedback about their performance since it is maintained confidentially. But the need of appraisal, knowledge about system, encouragement and opportunities to employees were rated high because they want to know about their work performance. CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS GENDER AND YEARS OF SERVICE TEST STATISTIC: Null hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant relationship between gender and years of service. Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a close relationship between gender and years of service. RESULT: The result that the calculated value is less than the tabulated value, we accept the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no significant difference between the gender and years of service. MARITAL STATUS AND MONTHLY INCOME (in Rs) TEST STATISTIC RESULT: The result that the calculated value is more than the tabulated value, we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. Therefore there is a significant difference between the marital status and monthly income. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS: From the study it if found out that, most of the respondents feel that the appraisal system creates confidence and hence increase the production level of the employees which in turn will increase their income in one hand. Many employees in the textile industry are not aware of the errors that is caused by performance appraisal like halo effect, horns effect, central tendency and leniency. Majority of them have no idea about errors and its types in the appraisal system. Good training can help improve the appraisal system to prevent errors while rating. Raters are expected to observe the performance in order to judge ones effectiveness and skill in the work condition. Also the superior should avoid bias in appraising their subordinates. The system could be made open to a possible extent and discussions could be encouraged. The employees can come to know about their performance appraisal, how are they rated and what other improvements they can do to their performance. The organization m ight take up steps to arrange discussions and make the employee aware of how he is getting along and what improvements he needs, where and how he can best utilize his capabilities and skills. Most traditional methods emphasize either the task or the personality of the individual while making an appraisal. In such evaluations, bias always prevails. To bring about a balance the evaluation of task and personality and the modern methods of appraisal by results of MBO can be used. Performance appraisal motivates employees and influences their productivity and ensures that they are producing at acceptable levels. Performance evaluation system could be linked to company objectives to get better results and good performance of the employees. Effectiveness of any appraisal system depends on how all the users of the system understand the purposes, accept and strive for achieving them. For designing any system, employee and managerial performance should be taken into consideration. From the study, it is found that feedback to the employees is not proper in the organization. Periodical and routine feedback can be given to the employees for their good performance in the work, which motivates the employee to enrich the relationship between the superiors and subordinates.

Mozart :: essays research papers

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756-1791 Probably the greatest genius in Western musical history, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, Jan. 27, 1756, the son of Leopold Mozart and his wife, Anna Maria Pertl. Leopold was a successful composer and violinist and assistant concertmaster at the Salzburg court, whose archbishop, Sigismund von Schrattenbach, encouraged the activities of Leopold and his remarkable children. Wolfgang began composing minuets at the age of 5 and symphonies at 9. When he was 6, he and his older sister, Maria Anna, embarked on a series of concert tours to Europe's courts and major cities. Both children played the keyboard, but Wolfgang became a violin virtuoso as well. In 1762 the Mozart children played at court in Vienna; the Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, received them cordially. Later the Mozart children displayed (1763-66) their talents to audiences in Germany, in Paris, at court in Versailles, and in London (where Wolfgang wrote his first symphonies and was befriended by Johann Christian Bach, whose musical influence on Wolfgang was profound). In Paris the young Mozart published his first works, four sonatas for clavier with accompanying violin (1764). In 1768 he composed his first opera, La Finta Semplice, for Vienna, but intrigues prevented its performance, and it was first presented a year later at Salzburg. In 1769-70, Leopold and Wolfgang undertook a tour through Italy. This first Italian trip culminated in a new opera, Mitridate, re di Ponto, composed for Milan. In two further Italian journeys he wrote two more operas for Milan, Ascanio in Alba (1771) and Lucio Silla (1772). In 1772, Archbishop von Schrattenbach died, to be succeeded by Hieronymus von Colloredo. The latter, at first sympathetic to the Mozarts, later became irritated by Wolfgang's prolonged absences and stubborn ways. In 1772, von Colloredo retained Wolfgang as concertmaster at a token salary. In this capacity Mozart composed a large number of sacred and secular works. Wishing to secure a better position outside Salzburg, he obtained permission to undertake another journey in 1777. With his mother he traveled to France, where he composed the Paris Symphony (1778); he could find no permanent position, however. His mother died in Paris. When he returned to Salzburg he was given the position of court organist (1779) and produced a splendid series of church works, including the famous Coronation Mass. He was commissioned to compose a new opera for Munich, Idomeneo (1781), which proved that he was a consummate master of opera seria.

Rebelz page :: essays research papers

his dramatic works, Shakespeare has provided insights into human nature which, in the opinion of many of his disciples, equal those of the greatest modern psychologists. The impact of the Bard's insights is compounded by a masterful use of the language which makes him the mostly widely studied English writer. Church records indicate that William Shakespeare was baptised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire on April 26, 1564. April 23 is widely accepted as his date of birth. His father was a respected tradesman (a glover who was involved in a variety of commercial activities) who held several important municipal offices. Shakespeare was probably educated at the local grammar school. He would have viewed local theatrical productions by groups of travelling players. When he was eighteen he married the twenty-six year old Anne Hathaway. In May of 1583 she gave birth to their first daughter, Susanna. In 1585, twins, named Hamnet and Judith, were born. Shortly thereafter, Shakespeare left Stratford. It is speculated that he was fleeing prosecution for poaching deer on the property of a local nobleman. By about 1587 he had arrived in London and begun his career as an actor and playwright. His success earned him the jealousy of rivals such as Richard Greene who condemned him as "an upstart crow" in 1592. The following is a chronological listing of Shakespeare's canon of plays and poetry: 1588-93 - The Comedy of Errors 1588-92 - Henry VI (three parts) 1592-93 - Richard III 1592-94 - Titus Andronicus 1593-94 - The Taming of the Shrew 1593-94 - The Two Gentlemen of Verona 1593-94 - "The Rape of Lucrece" 1593-1600 - "Sonnets" 1588-95 - Love's Labor's Lost 1594-96 - Romeo and Juliet 1595 - Richard II 1594-96 - A Midsummer Night's Dream 1590-97 - King John 1592 - "Venus and Adonis" 1596-97 - The Merchant of Venice 1597 - Henry IV (Part I) 1597-98 - Henry IV (Part II) 1598-1600 - Much Ado About Nothing 1598-99 - Henry V 1599 - Julius Caesar 1599-1600 - As You Like It 1600-02 - Twelfth Night 1600-OI - Hamlet 1597-1601 - The Merry Wives of Windsor 1600-OI - "The Phoenix and the Turtle" 160I-02 - Troilus and Cressida 1602-04 - All's Well That Ends Well 1603-04 - Othello 1604 - Measure for Measure 1604-09 - Timon of Athens 1605-06 - King Lear 1605-06 - Macbeth 1606-07 - Antony and Cleopatra 1607-09 - Coriolanus 1608-09 - Pericles 1609-IO - Cymbeline 16IO-II - The Winter's Tale 16II - The Tempest 16I2-I3 - Henry VIII 16I3 - The Two Noble Kinsmen In 1594, Shakespeare joined The Chamberlain's Men, a theatrical company which enjoyed the patronage of the royal court.

Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to assess the novel, "Wuthering Heights," by Emily Bronte, particularly within the context of the character, Catherine. Catherine plays a prominent role throughout "Wuthering Heights." For the most part, it is her love of Heathcliff which represents the crutch of the human struggle encountered by Catherine, as well as other characters throughout the story -- but especially Catherine. Curiously, relationships of that period were more often than not governed by social convention. The relationship between Catherine and Heathcliff is an exception to this...while, ultimately, one Thrushcroff Grange attracts Catherine, and thusly leads her to stray from her true nature. It is difficult to separate the character from the author, noting that the author's childhood was basically isolated and gloomy, and Catherine herself, is a truly private individual. It is this sense of privacy, in my opinion, that supersedes any other factor throughout the story. To understand this sense of inwardness, one must explore the novel itself. The story begins in the early 1800's (c. 1801) and one Mr. Lockwood removed from the narrative. The novel begins to take shape, only after some degree of reading, when we realize what is happening at Wuthering Heights in conjunction with Thrushcroff Grange. Soon afterwards, Nelly Dean makes her appearance, while she herself is somewhat unpreceptible. Overall, content and structure is rather fractured, although a so-called Satanic hero begins to emerge as a creature of darkness as well as rebellion and passion. Conversely, pressures on Heathcliff are internal. Results of his life emanate from his orphan years in Liverpool and his horrific treatment at Wuthering Heights. The author underscores the violence and darkness of man...even to such a primal and universal degree that it is impossible to overcome. In the beginning, Mr. Lockwood visits his landlord. He is a new tenant at Thrushcroff Grange and find s himself to be most unwelcome. His treatment by the landlord, Mr. Heathcliff, the servants, and even the dogs is less than welcoming. Heathcliff is something of a paradox. He exhibits the manners of country squire, urbane and handsome although aloof and private. Wuthering Heights itself is basically an old farmhouse and its namesake comes from the weather which it has had to endure. Overall, I found this book to be extremely personal, and almost eccentric. By eccentric, I mean the views that are put forth are very private and even difficult to understand.

Online Learning Environment Essay

The recent shift towards intensive use of computer technology in educational practices has already become so powerful that computer-based learning is no more perceived as something new. Whether it is computer laboratories in the primary schools or Internet-equipped computer facilities in the high-school, computers have turned into unalienable part of students’ life. However, such rapid and overwhelming spread of the new technology raised serious questions concerning positive and negative aspects, new opportunities for students and teachers, age peculiarities, and gender specifics of computer-based learning. The latter seems to be one of the major focuses of contemporary research in computer-based learning. Article â€Å"Gender differences in the use of computer mediated communication by post graduate distance students† written by Barrett and Lally (1999) investigates into the gender aspect of computer-mediated education, namely the use of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) in a specific learning context by a small group of postgraduate (MEd) distance learners and their tutors. Taking into consideration the fact of steadily growing audience of students involved into online educational practices, relevance of such research can hardly be questioned. Although the number of participants is rather small – probably the first and foremost drawback of the research – the authors have managed to collect comprehensive amount of data using students’ electronic diaries, questionnaires and transcripts of all their online contributions. Barrett and Lally (1999) apply content analysis – arguably the most popular method in psychology – to evaluate on-line dialogues between members of the group. Specific attention has been paid to studying learning and socio-emotional pattern of behavior demonstrated by participants, since the major hypothesis of the authors is that male and female students differ significantly on this dimension. The choice of method seems absolutely correct keeping in mind the hypothesis posed by the authors. Key outcomes of the study supported the authors’ hypothesis: content analysis of the available data has revealed serious difference in behavior of men and women put into the online learning environment. Firstly, male students tend to send more messages than their female counterparts. Secondly, messages written by male students were on average twice as long as messages written by female students. And thirdly, male students tend to write socio-emotionally oriented messages, while female students exhibit interactive orientation. These three findings make it possible for the authors to establish strong correlation between student’s gender and his/her behavior in the online learning environment. Despite seeming plainness of this study, it seems rather difficult to give it a univocal assessment. On the one hand, there is a small sample group, which raises the issue of the study’s reliability, and simple research design, while on the other hand, there is exceptional relevance of the study (keeping in mind that it was published in 1999) and important findings, which have shown right direction for further research. Although there may be another point of view, the second component outweighs all drawbacks of the research: while the drawbacks relate to formal aspect of the study (e. g. insufficient sample size, poor data capturing techniques, etc), the content (hypothesis and findings) is really great. Newness of the author’s ideas has turned the article into a good starting point for other researchers, whose works help develop the most optimal learning and teaching strategies designed according to specific learning behavior of both sexes in a mixed online learning environment. Although newness is the most important characteristic of Barrett and Lally’s (1999) work, they apparently relied upon a number of previous studies. As soon as the overall subject of their research is concerned, the study can hardly be addressed as absolutely original: a number of studies dealing with the impact of computer technologies on the learning environment of classrooms (including the learning activities that take place in the classroom, and various educational strategies designed to make them more effective) were written throughout the 1990s. Although none of them paid serious attention to gender differences that might characterize behavior of students in computer learning environment, they definitely revealed a number of specific features of computer-based (including online) learning and teaching practices. For example, Richards (1996) conducted one of the first studies of the influence of computer-based environment on student motivations. His research conducted as a part of the Bell Atlantic’s World School Program revealed that computers and the Internet significantly improved students’ motivation. Thus, 92 percent of the respondents in Richards’ program classified the Internet as an effective learning tool (Richards, 1996). Findings of another research performed by Follansbee (1996) and his colleagues the same year stand in line with those of Richards. Comparison of the learning outcomes of students doing a task with access to the Internet demonstrated much higher level of confidence in conducting and presenting the research task. Besides, the study discovered that students with access to the Internet demonstrated better diversity and inventiveness presenting their tasks, could better integrate various perspectives, and presented their answers/projects more accurately (Follansbee 1996). In 1997, Proost and Lowyck (1997) published a study devoted to gender aspect of computer-based education. The sample group of the study was impressive: traditional and distance learning university students – a total of 1368 students (945 males and 416 females) over 18 years of age (Proost and Lowyck, 1997: 371-372). However, that study dealt only with the gender differences in perceptions of and preferences for computer based learning environments, while Barrett and Lally (1999) went deeper into the subject. Thus, Proost and Lowyck (1997) found out that female respondents had, on average, more negative perception of computer based technology and a preference for traditional methods than male respondents (p. 380), but did not try to answer the question whether male and female students demonstrate different behavioral patterns in the online learning environment or not. While Barrett and Lally (1999) relied on a number of previous researches, their own findings were further explored, confirmed, corrected, and extended by later studies. Kelly (2000) used Barrett and Lally’s (1999) assumption that girl pay more attention to the interactive aspect of computer-based communication and learning to explain why girls normally have little interest to computer science. In her account, computer does not involve a lot of teamwork and social interaction and, therefore, is less interesting than traditional communication and learning. In the same way Kelly (2000) explains why absolute majority of the computer games are designed according to tastes of male audiences and emphasize things (violence, intensive action, speed) that are not attractive to women. Therefore, boys feel more attraction to computers and computer-based learning and â€Å"†¦ with more males getting into careers in the computing industry, they perpetuate this cycle of catering for the needs of a predominantly male audience who gain an entry point into the computing world via games and later take up careers in the computing industry† (Kelly, 2000: 156). Similarly, Passing and Levin (2000) explored gender difference amongst pre-school students trying to reveal their preferences to various designs of multimedia learning interfaces (in order to improve outcomes of learning). The study involved a sample of 90 children (44 girls and 46 boys), and its major outcome was significant difference in boys and girls’ preferences: boys demonstrated more attraction to movement while girls paid more attention to visual elements. Shin and Chan (2004) also cite Barrett and Lally’s (1999) in their study of the effects of online learning on distance education students. The authors assume that there is a direct relationship between students’ involvement in online learning and distance learning outcomes taking into consideration gender aspect as the major factor that affects online learning (p. 277). Riding and Grimley (1999) investigated how differently the same computer multimedia affects cognitive style and performance of boys and girls (11 years). The study involved 40 boys and 40 girls and was conducted in two stages: firstly, participants underwent the procedure of assessment which revealed their cognitive style; secondly, they were offered a multi-choice recall test after studying a science topic with the help of computer and CD-ROM (p. 44-45). Upon completion of both stages the authors compared computer-based scores of the participants with scores given for similar topics learned with the help of traditional educational methods. The authors reported that â€Å"with regard to the mode of presentation of the multimedia materials, girls who were Wholist-Imagers and Analytic-Verbalisers were better with presentations which had picture and sound than those which had only picture and text. Those who were Wholist-Verbalizers and Analytic-Imagers were better with presentations which had picture and text than those which had only picture and sound. The results were the opposite for boys. For both gender groups performance was best with presentations which combined picture, text and sound† (Riding and Grimley 1999: 55). Evidently, the article written by Barrett and Lally (1999) can hardly be addressed as a classic work which has already become the basic reference point of modern studies in computer-based teaching and learning. At the same time, it is far from being a mediocre and irrelevant study that has absolutely not scientific value. The truth is somewhere in between: the article is a well-written piece of work which stands in line with previous research, has an element of newness and, therefore, opens new opportunities for scientists. REFERENCES Barrett, E and Lally, V. (1999) â€Å"Gender differences in an on-line learning environment† Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 15, 48-60 Follansbee, S. , Gilsdorf, N. , Stahl, S. , Dunfey, J. , Cohen, S. , Pisha, B. and Hughes, B. (1996) The role of online communication in schools: a national study . Peabody, MA: Center for Applied Special Technology. Kelly, Karen. (2000) â€Å"The Gender Gap: Why Do Girls Get Turned Off to Technology? † The Digital Classroom, ed. D. T. Gordon, The Harvard Education Letter, Cambridge, pp 154-160 O’Hara, S. P. (1998) â€Å"A case study of attitudinal effects of Internet use in a middle school integrated science curriculum†. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, San Diego, CA, April 19-22, 1998 (Eric document ED417978). Passing, D. & Levin, H. (2000) â€Å"Gender Preferences for Multimedia interfaces†, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 16: 64-71 Proost, K. , Elen J. & Lowyck J. (1997) â€Å"Effects of Gender on Perceptions of and Preferences for Telematic Learning Environments†, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, Summer, 29(4): 370-384 Richards, F. C. (1996) â€Å"The impact of the Internet on teaching and learning as perceived by teachers, library media specialists and students† Masters thesis, Salem-Teikyo University (Eric document ED410943)

Tale Tell Heart and Goose Girl

Jack Mitchell Mr. Glen Smith English1302 Oct 10,2012 Compare/Contrast Essay Assignment #2 The unnamed narrator in Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"A Tell- Tale Heart† and the chambermaid in the Grimm Brothers â€Å"The Goose Girl† both possess strikingly similar characteristics. Both show aggression and use violence to get what they want but are very careful of how they go about it and covering it up. In Poe’s story, the unnamed narrator kills an elderly man that he is caring for because the old man has a foul looking eye that is covered with a white film.This is what is slowly driving him insane but afterwards he ingeniously decides to hide the body incase someone heard the noise of the olds man body. This is so he does not get arrested for his murder and when the police do stop they believe his story and do not suspect anything, until he gives them a reason. The chambermaid on the other hand forcefully and violently makes the princess, who she knows wont stand up for her self, switch places with her simply because she wants to live the life of the princess.She also makes the princess swear to secrecy so she never has to worry about her true identity being unveiled. Later, she cleverly kills the princess’s talking horse, which was the only witness to what happened between the chambermaid and the real princess’s. In Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† the unnamed narrator is caring for an elderly man who isn’t capable of taking care of himself. The elderly man has a bad eye that has a silky film over the top of it. The narrator becomes sickened and essentially afraid of the eye.He decides that the only way he can get rid of these feelings is to kill the old man thus getting rid of the eye forever Originally, he is hesitant to actually go through with his plan, but he knows it is the only way to end his torture. â€Å"I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever† (303). He waits until the time is right when the eye is open to kill him â€Å"I did for seven long nights every night just at midnight, but I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work† (303).He feels he must kill the man with the evil eye open because â€Å"for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye† (303). Once he finally kills the man, he decides to hide the body incase someone heard the noise or the beating of the man’s heart, which is now driving him even more insane. However, when he was finished cleaning up someone rang his doorbell and when he opened it, â€Å"There entered three men, who introduced themselves, with perfect suavity, as officers of the police† (305). The narrator gave the police a very believable story and they were satisfied.He was almost scott free, but then he starts to hear the thumping of the mans heart and starts going crazy. Convinced the police heard the noise too he ripped up th e planks revealing the body of the elderly man. In the Grimm Brothers â€Å"The Goose Girl†, the chambermaid of the princess so desperately wants to the live the lavish care free life of the princess she decides to test her fate by taking action. This is when her violent behavior is seen for the first time, when she decides to forcefully and violently begin to curse at the princess to dress up as a chambermaid so she can take the princess’s place.She also made the princess to swear to never tell anyone what happened. â€Å"Then with many harsh words, the chambermaid ordered the princess to take off her own royal clothing and put on the chambermaid's shabby clothes. And in the end the princess had to swear under the open heaven that she would not say one word of this to anyone†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (406) When she finally arrives at the castle and marries the king, she asks him for a favor. â€Å"Send for the knacker, and have the head of the horse which I rode here cut off. â €  (408) This is her way of making sure that there are no loose ends and that there is no one or thing that can revel her true identity.However, she does not know the horse can still talk after its’ been beheaded. This small overlooked detail is the root cause to her downfall. The Narrator is portrayed as an insane man who starts to lose control of whatever sanity he has left once he comes into contact with the elderly mans grotesque eye that he thinks is evil. Even though he is portrayed as crazy, in reality he has not lost his mind completely, in he fact that he actually watches the man, investigates the room, and checks the eye to see if it is open â€Å"every night just at midnight†(303). He did this for seven nights, hich clearly shows that he has not completely lost his grip on reality. By waiting for the perfect chance to strike shows patience, mentally and physically. Another sign the narrator was not totally insane was that he had a face-to-face conversatio n with three police officers. In the end, â€Å"The officers were satisfied† and believed his alibi. There is no way a person said to have lost his mind completely could have fooled three trained police officers. On the other hand, the chambermaid in â€Å"The Goose Girl† is seen as a cunning, tough character throughout the story.However, towards the end of the story her true colors begin to shine. By her sending out the knacker to â€Å"have the head of the horse which I rode here cut off, for it angered me on the way. †(306). This shows that she has started to worry and stress over her secret getting out. By her having everything and everyone who could tell her secret around her taken away is the first sign of weakness from her. It is a sign of weakness because she is doing everything possible to save herself and only herself.Lastly, the reason why both the chambermaid and the narrator both got caught and failed to get away was due to them. The narrator was ho me free until he started to panic, thinking the guards could hear what he was hearing he finally lost it â€Å"dissemble no more! I admit the deed! —tear up the planks! here, here! —It is the beating of his hideous heart! † (306). The chambermaid had it done what she had set out to do. However, if she would have stopped and trusted the promise the princess gave her from the beginning she would have been fine.She instead decided to take things into her own hands and had the talking horse beheaded. Finally, the reader can see that both of the characters used every means necessary to get what they wanted which included violence to get what they want but are also very careful of how they go about it and covering it up.Work Cited Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. â€Å"The Goose-Girl. † Kinder-und Hausmarchen. 7th ed. D. L. Ashilman, trans. Berlin: n. p. , 1857. Print Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart. † The complete Tales and Poems of Edgar All an Poe. New York: Random House, 1975. Print.

Case Study Reflections Analysis Education Essay

This paper will research information presented from EDSL 673 and EDSL 671 from the Teaching English as a Second Language ( TESL ) plan. The information presented will research the five top thoughts that have generated to most fascinate over the continuance of these last two classs. Information will be discussed as to the importance of these thoughts and the deductions they will hold on future instruction. This paper will besides research ways that these thoughts can be implemented in current instruction under the preexistent conditions of the teaching assignment. Explanations will besides be presented to show what could potentially be the immediate consequences every bit good as the long-run consequences expected for holding implemented these thoughts within the current instruction assignment. These thoughts are relevant to instructors that will profit from information refering to direction of English Language Learners ( ELL ) or English as a Second Language ( ESL ) pupils. Contemplations There are so many different facets of instruction that are necessary in order for pedagogues to be effectual and to guarantee that all pupils are larning to their fullest potency. This is no exclusion for instructors of ELL or ESL pupils. However, due to the nature of kids and the manner each kid learns, instructors need to cognize the best patterns for direction based on the demands of their pupils. There are several different techniques and methods that may be utilized with ELL and ESL pupils in order for these kids to be successful in their acquisition ; and hence to go successful when working with their equals within the schoolroom. Based purely on the information being presented from the last two classs, there were several different constructs and thoughts that were being introduced. Although many of these impressions are familiar to experient instructors, there are several thoughts that may standout to persons as they may hold higher deductions to their instruction than others. There are five thoughts from these two classs that present the highest deductions, and they are the constructs of Natural Order Hypothesis, Affective Filter Hypothesis, Culturally Responsive Teaching, Schema, and Accessing Prior Knowledge. The construct of Natural Order Hypothesis presents pedagogues with the order that persons get linguistic communication accomplishments. There are predictable phases for primary linguistic communication acquisitions along with predictable phases for the acquisition of secondary linguistic communications. Primary linguistic communication is acquired following these phases: babble ( 6 – 8 months ) , holophrastic ( 1 twelvemonth ) , two-word phrases ( 1 – 2 old ages ) , and multi-word ( 2 – 5 old ages ) . A individual ‘s 2nd linguistic communication is acquired following these phases: soundless receptive or preproduction ( 6 – 8 months ) , early production ( 6 months ) , speech outgrowth phase ( 1 twelvemonth ) , and intermediate linguistic communication proficiency ( 1 twelvemonth ) . Having an apprehension of the Natural Order Hypothesis allows pedagogues to develop an apprehension of where their Ell or ESL pupils may be in respects to their linguistic communication acquisition. Therefore, by understanding this thought, the instructor may develop lessons that are better suited for the pupil. This will besides help the instructor in the creative activity of activities that are completed in the schoolroom so all pupils are able to take part. Teachers that are able to link this construct to their English linguistic communication scholars are besides able to help these pupils when working in little differentiated instructional groups, and hence doing the acquisition much more meaningful for these pupils. Developing an apprehension of Affective Filter Hypothesis will assist pedagogues present themselves along with their schoolroom construction and lesson thoughts in a mode that will set their English linguistic communication scholars at easiness with the information they are showing. This will help these pupils from making a filter that could hinder larning. Students that are in structured environments with instructors that genuinely care about their acquisition keep a low degree of emphasis, and pupils are more likely to be motivated and confident, and hence a batch of linguistic communication acquisition can take topographic point. Teachers that have been able to make an environment that focuses around the Affective Filter Hypothesis are able to help their pupils in higher degrees of linguistic communication acquisition. Students that are so able to bring forth a larger degree of linguistic communication acquisition are so able to stand out at greater rates within the schoolroom. The deductions of Affective Filter Hypothesis in instruction is high in order to guarantee pupils are larning. Helping pupils maintain a low affectional filter is an of import measure in the confidence that pupils are traveling to get the linguistic communication skills they need in order to go successful in the schoolroom. Culturally Responsive Teaching is a teaching method that recognizes the importance of including pupils ‘ cultural mentions in all facets of larning. Culture is the deeper degree of basic premises and beliefs that are shared by members of an organisation, that operate unconsciously and specify in a basic ‘take for granted ‘ manner an organisations position of its ego and its environment. Culture contains both external and internal elements. External elements of civilization contain those such as ; nutrient, festivals, vacations, dances and vesture. Internal elements of civilization are those such as ; values, beliefs and forms of non-verbal communicating. By acknowledging the value of Culturally Responsive Teaching, pedagogues are able to demo pupils that they value their civilization and hence will observe their heritage in the schoolroom. This shows pupils that they are valued as persons and at the same clip could even bring forth a low Affective Filter. Culturally Responsive Teaching is of import in order to demo pupils that as the instructor, you value where they come from, and wish to observe that with the remainder of the category. All pupils should be able to portion with each other their civilization and heritage. This creates a schoolroom of culturally antiphonal pupils and helps the pupils understand that their backgrounds are of import. Teachers that partake in this pedagogical pattern create unfastened and receptive environments where pupils feel welcome when they enter the schoolroom. Last, scheme and accessing anterior cognition are of import factors that can act upon larning within the schoolroom. Schema is the organisational form or construction ; the conceptual model that pupils possess. Teachers that are able to entree a pupil ‘s scheme are more likely to be successful in assisting that pupil develop an apprehension of the constructs that are being taught. Teachers that are able to understand the deductions of scheme are so able to use this cognition into their schoolroom and their lessons. By showing to pupils how different accomplishments build upon one another will help these pupils in doing connexions between one construct and another. Accessing anterior cognition is manner for the pupils to take what they already know, and so use that cognition to the stuff they are presently larning. Teachers that focus on accessing their pupils ‘ anterior cognition are more likely to hold pupils that are able to retain information. Bing able to entree one ‘s anterior cognition is of import when working in the country of bring forthing illations. Bing able to do illations is an highly of import accomplishment when increasing reading comprehension. Bing able to use what one already knows to what the writer is connoting will assist the pupil in holding a greater apprehension of equivocal constructs. Both scheme and accessing anterior cognition are impressions that all instructors should implement in their schoolroom course of study. Constructing a pupil ‘s scheme while at the same clip holding the pupil entree their anterior cognition will further a greater apprehension of the thoughts that are being taught in the schoolroom. During the continuance of these two classs, I was able to develop a greater apprehension of these constructs and recognize how of import they are in being implemented in the schoolroom on a regular footing. Although these constructs are ideals that I presently posses, these classs have presented extra methods for execution in order to better pupil accomplishment. I will go on to implement these thoughts in my schoolroom environment with the end of continued pupil betterment. Currently, I do n't hold pupils in my schoolroom that are coded as being English linguistic communication scholars, and hence do non use the tactics for teaching English linguistic communication scholars in the schoolroom. However, I have had English linguistic communication scholars in old categories, and hence reexamining this information will help me with the continued execution of these techniques. The major benefits of these constructs are that they work with all pupils, and non merely those pupils that are considered to be English linguistic communication scholars. The immediate consequence of implementing these thoughts in the schoolroom would be the hope of increased accomplishment on the behalf of the pupils. The continued reappraisal of these constructs will bring forth a better apprehension of these thoughts, and hence a deeper apprehension of how they may be implemented into the schoolroom construction on a regular and ongoing footing, therefore holding a continued impact on pupil larning. Long-run effects of the execution of these thoughts will be the long-run apprehension of the different impressions covered within the schoolroom. By constructing on the pupils ‘ scheme, therefore increasing the pupils ‘ anterior cognition will take to them holding a greater keeping rate for their future class work.

Qing China and the consequences of the golden age Essay

The â€Å"Prosperous Age† was a period where Qing China experienced a drastic increase in population, flourishing trade and commerce, and a remarkable level of social and political stability during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. However, its brilliance was overshadowed by its subsequent consequences and China was soon at its breaking point in the 19th century. This essay would then evaluate on the implications of the â€Å"Prosperous Age† and how the long-term consequences proved to be more negative in the 19th century due to a string of crisis, and subsequent problems that continued even in modern China of the 20th century. Negative Unanticipated Long Term Consequences Reversal of Trade Fortunes with Britain During the 18th century, there was mounting European demand for Chinese goods (Hung, 2011). Britain in particular, had strong liking and demand for Chinese goods especially tea. Hence, it led to the outflow of British silver into China, but little inflow of silver back into the British economy resulted in China enjoying a trade surplus (City University HK, 2007) while Britain suffered from a trade deficit. To redress this deficit, Britain began to smuggle and sell opium in China (City University HK, 2007). China’s attempt to prohibit opium then resulted in the Opium Wars and suffered a tragic defeat. The defeat in the Opium War led to the signings of unequal treaties . Upon signing of the unequal treaties, much Chinese marked it as the beginning of a century of shame and humiliation. Although China was never formally colonized, the lack of ability to defend its basic sovereign rights and ability to govern its own country made it look like a like semi-colonized state of Britain. Consequently, the Qing government was seen as weak and inefficient to combat against the foreigners and much Chinese lost faith in the Manchurian Qing government. As a result, this gave rise to the Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) where violent revolts and attacks were targeted against foreigners as a sign to resist their influence. Boxers, supported by China, suffered a yet another defeat and were forced to sign yet another unequal treaty: Boxer Protocol, where the reparations drastically crippled the Chinese economy till the mid 20th century (Zheng, 2009). Thus, we can see that the initial trade surplus, a sign of â€Å"Prosperous Age† resulted in British to redress the situation by selling opium to the Chinese led to the Opium Wars and the unequal treaties which greatly weakened Qing China internally and externally in the 19th century. China’s failure to counter foreign influence led to their continued defeat in the Boxer Rebellion at the end of 19th century, where another unequal treaty continued to cripple her till mid 20th century , thereby demonstrating the long term consequence of the â€Å"Prosperous Age† was indeed negative in the long run, especially since the consequences did not confine just to the 19th century but even stretched to the 20th century. Reforms did not keep up with population boom During the â€Å"Prosperous Age†, China’s population tripled from less than 150 million to over 400 million (Perkins, 1969). Civil Service Exam however continued its strict quota for passing (Bentley & Ziegler, 2003) and that meant a lower ratio of scholar to population passes. The frustration of students led to the rise of influential leaders like Hong Xiuquan who sought for reforms which led to the Taiping Rebellion . Coincidentally, the backbone of his rebels were the poor peasants who were forced out of arable lands and were socially upset and frustrated, which was also due to the consequence of the population boom. The consequence of the Taiping Rebellion led to a weakened Qing as they were forced to decentralize power to provincial elites to deal with the crisis and this power was never fully recovered even after the rebellion was suppressed (Sng, 2011). Provincial elites who did not return the power were a growing sign of defiance and could have the possibility of rising up against the imperial court. The unneeded civil unrest caused by Taiping Rebellion also served to exacerbate subsequent crisis like the Northern Chinese Famine (1876-1879) where the government was severely blamed for not providing sufficient aid. The excess unrest and loss of power proved to be detrimental in the 19th century as it crippled China and the country with no official political bloc stepping up to assist with the problems and crisis. In short, China was in a total disarray and chaotic. Lack of technological advancement Qing China favoured political and social stability over technological innovation which they feared would lead to unsettling changes. Furthermore, the vast population available to firms was a cheaper alternative to increase output, rather than investment of new technologies which was costly (Bentley & Ziegler, 2003). This proved to be adverse in the 19th century when China engaged in wars. In the Opium Wars, the Qing military was no match against the British who utilized better technology to triumph (Tanner, 2010). The first defeat resulted in Treaty of Nanjing which ceded Hong Kong to Britain. Subsequent wars like the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1985) had China suffering a crushing defeat against a more superior and modernized Japanese army. China then ceded Taiwan, Penghu and the Liaodong peninsular to the Japanese. It clearly implied that China could not defend its own sovereign ground and indicated how backward the Chinese army. It questions the right of China to even claim rights over those territories if she could not even defend it properly. The problem gets exemplified into the 20th century when China continued to suffer several defeats to the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War . Even with the Self-Strengthening Movement (1861-1895) which was embraced to modernize China was insufficient. The subsequent defeats to Allied forces in the Boxer Rebellion and Japanese in the Sino-Japanese Wars marred the success of the movement. Especially significant was the defeat in First Sino-Japanese war as for the first time in over 2000 years of history, regional dominance in East Asia shifted from China to Japan (Johnson, 2010). Coupled with the defeat, China’s international and regional standings were challenged and staged subsequent revolutions that led to other problems and the eventual demise of Qing. Positive Long Term Unanticipated Consequences Building a new foundation based on common people The end of Taiping Rebellion inspired nationalists (Del Testa & Lemoine & Strickland, 2001) to fight for the betterment of Chinese. It was because of the consequence of the â€Å"Prosperous Age† that led to the decisive rise of nationalist to seek for reforms. An example would be the decentralizing of power, which meant many parties would be involved in decision-making process, rather than just the monarch government. This would ensure that concerns are taken into deliberation before decision-making that will benefit majority of the Chinese, rather than the imperial court only. The nationalist dream then culminated in the 1911 Revolution in the early 20th century, where the Qing was overthrown and the Republic of China was established. Nevertheless, the dream of the nationalist was short-lived due to a power struggle within. Even though election was scheduled for 1913, but it soon became clear than Yuan Shikai wanted to establish his own power base. Sun Yat Sen was then forced into exile after he stepped down as head of the newly formed Kuomintang (Foster, 2007). The new government was then monopolized by Yuan and led to decades of political division and warlordism, including monarchy restoration (Blecher, 2010). Therefore we can see that the perceived benefits from the consequence of â€Å"Prosperous Age† in the 19th century did not fully materialize in the 20th century. Monarchy restoration was attempted and defeats the purpose of the promised sharing of power with the people initially. Political and social unrest persisted even with the new government which culminated in the May Fourth Movement (1919). Hence, we can see that China did not become better even with the end of Qing. It would be judgmental to argue that the initial rise of nationalists had resulted in a better China. It would be fairer to argue that the initial rise of nationalists led to more power struggle and dissident movements like the Chinese Warlord Era (1916-1928) as there were no strong political forces to enforce stability and order until the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came in 1949. Conclusion Hence, we can see that the consequences of the â€Å"Prosperous Age† proved to be more negative. The severity of the negative consequences shed light on the crises in the 19th century which crippled China internally and externally. The impact of the consequences was so overwhelming that it even snowballed to the 20th century and further crippled modern China. In contrast, the perceived positive consequences was that it built the foundation but the problem was that the foundation was weak and unstable which in turn led to more problems which culminated in more movements and revolutions. Furthermore, problems like sovereign issues were not solved by reforms or China’s surge in military strength but rather treaties that returned territories to her under imminent conditions . Thus, we can see that the long term consequences were more negative in the 19th century as it continued the crippling of China economically, socially and militarily and as well as set the stage for the movements and revolutions in the 20th century which did not necessary bring about stability and communal power amongst its people until the CCP came into power in 1949. References – Hung, H.F. (2011), Protest with Chinese characteristics: demonstrations, riots, and petitions (p24-26). USA: Columbia University Press – Qian Long Emperor’s Letter to George III, 1793, retrieved from Sanders & Morillo & Nelson & Elleberger (2005), Encounters in World History: Sources and Themes from the Global Past, Volume 2 (p289). McGraw-Hill – Sng, T.H (2011, Oct 4). Size and Dynastic Decline: The Principal-Agent Problem in Late Imperial China 1700-1850. – City University of HK Press (2007), China: Five thousand years of history and civilization (p109). Hong Kong: City University of HK Press – Perkins, D.H. (1969). Agricultural development in China, 1369-1968. Chicago: Aldine – Bentley & Ziegler (2003). Traditions and Encounters (p724-740). New York: McGraw-Hill – Tanner, H.M. (2010), China: From the Great Qing Empire through the People’s Republic of China 1644-2009 (p77). USA: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. – Del Testa & Lemoine & Strickland (2001). Government leaders, military rulers and political activist (p86). Greenwood Publishing Group – Foster, S (2007). Adventure Guide China (p18-19). Hunter Publishing, Inc. – Blecher, M.J. (2010). China against the tides: restructuring through revolution, radicalism, and reform (p205). Continuum International Publishing Group – Johnson, R.E. (2010). A Global Introduction to Baptist Churches (p267). Cambridge University Press – Zheng, J.G. (2009). Historical dictionary of modern China 1800-1949 (p32). USA: Scarecrow Press

Foreign Direct Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example In essence, FDI gives the investor the power to operate a company in another country for the long term. Developed host countries are not too welcome to the idea on the premise that they fear foreign firms will end up dominating their local firms. In contrast to this, developing countries are more welcome to the idea on the grounds that FDI will bring additional capital, expertise and new technology into their country. (Contessi & Weinberger, 2009). Host countries record FDI flows as liabilities along with similar items in their balance of payments. In host countries like these FDI flows make up a large percentage of the total investment in the economy as compared to more developed countries; the effects of FDI on these countries differ as well, with developing countries showing a steady growth trend as compared to developed countries who showed boom and bust cycles as a result of engaging in FDI. (Contessi & Weinberger, 2009). Growth is normally measured by looking at the trends in p er capita GDP growth. Analysts relate FDI to per capita to GDP growth by looking at figures of gross FDI inflows and FDI inflows per capita to see if they have any impact on the economic growth of a country. Research has revealed a positive relationship between FDI levels and growth levels in an economy, in some cases these results have been insignificant as well but these variables have never shared a negative relationship. Extraneous variable have a magnitude changing effect on this relationship. It has been seen that, the more developed a country is, the better and greater positive effect FDI will have on its economic growth. (Contessi & Weinberger, 2009). Most studies that have analyzed the impact of FDI on the economic growth of the host country have found the results to be pretty elusive. Most established relationships are based specifically on the host country’s own specific economic characteristics. Thus it is difficult to generalize these effects and apply them to ot her countries as the findings of a study. However, the probable effects are not completely elusive, as the endogenous growth theory provides framework for the positive linkage between growth and FDI inflows. (Johnson, 2005). A study found that FDI can have a positive effect on growth, given that the host country promotes exports simultaneously. (Balasubramanyam et al, 1996). Another study showed that FDI had a positive impact on growth, but this effect was to be directly proportional to the host country’s level and quality of human capital. (Borensztein et al, 1998). A further study conducted on 50 developed and developing countries also found FDI to be positively impacting host country’s growth rate. (Olofsdotter, 1998). Research revealed that FDI and growth have a positive relationship, the magnitude of which depends on the specific economic conditions of the country in question. (Zhang, 2001). Another study based on research on Latin American countries also had simi lar findings. (Bengoa & Sanchez-Robles, 2003). Some studies on the other hand, found a weak link between FDI and economic growth based on research done on a mix of developed and developing countries. (De Mello, 1999). Other studies, like the one which conducted research on a mix of 72 developing and developed countries found that FDI